Lake Ontario Fruit Program Enrollment

Program Areas

  • Food Safety
  • Variety Evaluation
  • Market Development
  • Pest Management
  • Cultural Practices

Enrollment Benefits

  • Telephone / Email Consultations
  • Fruit Newsletter?
  • Direct Mailings
  • Educational Meetings & Conferences
  • In-Field Educational Opportunities
  • On-Farm Research Trials

Enrollee Login

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  • Issues of Fruit Newletters
  • Helpful Diagnostic Tool:
      What's wrong with my crop?

Events - month view

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February 2017

Growing Table Grapes for Profit Webinar Series

February 3 - February 17, 2017
All webinars will begin at 11:00am and last approximately 85 minutes

Growing Table Grapes for Profit Webinar Series

Please join us for this three part webinar series* for a thorough introduction to table grape production. Learn from Cornell and University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension specialists and from growers who have experience in the table grape industry.

To participate in the webinar, you must have high speed internet access. If you have  questions  about this requirement, call Laura at 518-791-5038.


2017 LOF Winter Fruit School Lockport

Event Offers DEC Credits

February 6, 2017
8am registration, 8:30am - 3:20pm
Lockport, NY

2017 LOF Winter Fruit School Lockport
February 6, 2017 - CCE of Niagara, Lockport, NY
A 1-day program addressing topical aspects of fruit production in Western NY.

Click on details for registration information and WFS agenda.

2017 Hudson Valley Commercial Vegetable Growers' School and Mini Trade Show!

Event Offers DEC Credits

February 7, 2017
8:00am-4:00pm
Kingston, NY

2017 Hudson Valley Commercial Vegetable Growers' School and Mini Trade Show!
Join us for our annual CCE ENYCHP Winter School.  This event will include a full day of speakers and a small trade show.

3.75 NYS DEC Pesticide Re-certification credits will be available

Please register by Monday, January 30th. You must be pre-registered to attend this event!  Your registration includes a hot lunch.

2017 LOF Winter Fruit School Newark

Event Offers DEC Credits

February 7, 2017
8am registration, 8:30am - 3:20pm
Newark, NY

2017 LOF Winter Fruit School Newark
February 7, 2017 - Newark Garden Hotel, Newark, NY
A 1-day program addressing topical aspects of fruit production in Western NY.

Click details for registration information and WFS agenda.

2017 Capital District Commercial Vegetable Growers' School and Mini Trade Show!

Event Offers DEC Credits

February 8, 2017
8:00am-4:00pm
Albany, NY

2017 Capital District Commercial Vegetable Growers' School and Mini Trade Show!
Join us for our annual CCE ENYCHP Winter School.  This event will include a full day of speakers and a small trade show.

3.25 NYS DEC Pesticide Re-certification credits will be available.

Please register by Monday, January 30th. You must be pre-registered to attend this event!  Your registration includes a hot lunch.

The Path to Your Farm Dream - Beginning Farmer Workshop

February 11, 2017
9am-4pm
Vorheesville, NY

To register online: https://reg.cce.cornell.edu/BegFarmerWkshp_201.
To register by phone, pay by credit card or more information, contact Tove Ford at 518-765-3518.

Are you thinking about or have a desire to grow and sell some agricultural products? Did you start growing and selling agricultural products in 2016 and would like some more help? This day long workshop will help you to better understand various aspects of starting a farm. From attending the workshop, you will:
  • Gain ideas on where to get financing to start a farm
  • What to look for when looking for land, buildings, etc. to start a farm business
  • Gain ideas on how to market and sell the products I would like to grow
  • A better understanding of what regulations you need to be aware of


ENYCHP Northeastern NY Commercial Tree Fruit School

Event Offers DEC Credits

February 13, 2017
8:00am- 4:00pm
Lake George, NY

ENYCHP Northeastern NY Commercial Tree Fruit School
Join us for this annual CCE ENYCHP Winter School.  Event will include a full day of speakers and a small trade show. Pre-Register is Required




ENYCHP Organic Grower Farmer-to Farmer Conference

February 15, 2017
9:00am- 4:30pm
Poughkeepsie, NY

ENYCHP Organic Grower Farmer-to Farmer Conference

To Register for this event, please send your name and contact information to Crystal Stewart at:  cls263@cornell.edu

Join us for a one day winter school specific to Organic production!  Hear from panels of experienced growers and industry experts about the following topics:

> Precision cultivation
> Cover crops and tarps for weed suppression
> Biocontrols: how do they actually work?
> Scaling up and paring down: should you grow fewer crops, better?
> What do I need to know about worker protection standards?



2017 Hudson Valley Commercial Fruit Growers' School

Event Offers DEC Credits

February 14, 2017 : Tree Fruit Session 1

February 15, 2017 : Tree Fruit Session 2

February 16, 2017 : Berry Grower Session

February 16, 2017 : Grape Grower Session

February 16, 2017 : Berry and Grape Growers Session

Tuesday, February 14:  Registration cost:  $50/person if pre-registered or $70/person at the door (includes admission into the educational session, lunch and Trade Show admittance).

  • Tree Fruit Session 1: Educational Session 8:00 am - 4:00 pm followed by the Trade Show 4:00 pm - 7:00 pm
Wednesday, February 15: Registration cost: $50/person if pre-registered or $70/person at the door (includes admission into the educational session and lunch).

  • Tree Fruit Session 2: Educational Session 8:50 am - 4:45 pm
Thursday, February 16:
  • Grape Growers Session:  8:30 am - 12:00 pm.  Registration cost: $35/person if pre-registered or $50/person at the door (includes admission into the educational session and lunch).  Special pricing for attending both the Berry and Grape Grower Sessions:  $50/person, includes lunch
  • Berry Growers Session: Educational Session 1:00 pm - 4:15 pm Registration cost: $35/person if pre-registered or $50/person at the door (includes admission into the educational session and lunch). Special pricing for attending both the Berry and Grape Grower Sessions: $50/person, includes lunch

DEC Credits have been applied for each session.

Click HERE to view the Full Fruit Growers' School Agenda
Click HERE to view the Grape Session Agenda
Click HERE to view the Berry Session Agenda



Farm Business Succession Retreat: Part Two

February 17 - February 18, 2017
10:00am- 2:00pm

Farm Business Succession Retreat: Part Two
Save the Date! "Farm Business Succession Retreat - Where are you now, where are you going and how will you get there?"

Families across the country dream of the day the farm will pass to the next generation. In 2008, the Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) reported that 70% of U.S. farmland would change hands by 2028. Without adequate succession planning, CSREES reports that farms are more likely to go out of business, be absorbed by larger neighboring farms, or be converted for non-farm use.

Don't let that happen to your dream! Succession planning can help ensure the dream of having the farm business transfer to the next generation will become reality. To help you move forward, CCE Ulster County, The Eastern NY Commercial Hort. Program and the Capital Area Agriculture and Horticulture Program are sponsoring two days of working facilitated time for your family or business partners to build a strong business succession strategy.

Effective Orchard Spraying

Event Offers DEC Credits

February 22, 2017
8:30- 3:15
Highland, NY

Effective Orchard Spraying
Join us for a full day course on Effective Vineyard Spraying with Andrew Landers of Cornell University.  5.5 DEC Credits have been approved for this workshop!

Effective Vineyard Spraying

Event Offers DEC Credits

February 23, 2017
8:30- 3:15
Highland, NY

Effective Vineyard Spraying
Join us for a full day course on Effective Vineyard Spraying with Andrew Landers of Cornell University.  5.5 DEC Credits have been approved for this workshop!

Modernizing Your Farm Sales: The Power of Point of Sale

February 27, 2017
12:00-1:00pm

In today's competitive farmers market space, producers are increasingly turning to new technologies to help create business efficiencies and manage day-to-day operations. Digital Point of Sale (POS) systems allow farmers to collect critical farm management data, manage customers and employees, and connect with back-end farm inventory systems. Join FARMroots, GrowNYC and Cornell Cooperative Extension for a webinar covering the potential that POS has for your farm business. We'll explore the pros and cons of five (5) individual POS systems available to farmers, including Square, Revel, NCR, Shopkeep and MarketLink/Mobile Market Register. A guest farmer will share his experience with implementing digital POS at New York City's Greenmarket program.

To register https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/1101880356120197891 After registering, you will receive a confirmation email containing information about joining the webinar.

Western NY: New York State Berry Growers Association Winter Regional Workshop

February 28, 2017
8:30am- 4:00pm
Portland, NY

Western NY: New York State Berry Growers Association Winter Regional Workshop
As dramatic weather events increase, pest pressure intensifies, and local markets vitalize, New York berry growers are looking for ways to protect their crop and lengthen their season.

Growers and educators are researching techniques for growing berries under cover. This day-long workshop will feature multiple short presentations, interactive activities, and words from growers discussing the newest research in tunnels and exclusion netting.

2017 Onion School

Event Offers DEC Credits

February 28, 2017
8:45am-4:15pm
Middletown, NY

2017 Onion School
Come join us at the Orange County Cooperative Office for our annual onion school!  4 DEC Credits will be available.

March 2017

2017 Lake Ontario Fruit Program Spanish School Orleans County

March 4, 2017
1:00pm - 4:00pm
Waterport, NY

2017 Lake Ontario Fruit Program Spanish School Orleans County
This meeting will include the basics of tree nursery production, together with information on grafting and pruning. There will be hands-on demonstrations.

March 4 Orleans County


Click details for registration and more information.

Long Island: New York State Berry Growers Association Winter Regional Workshop

March 7, 2017
8:30am- 4:00pm
Riverhead, NY

Long Island: New York State Berry Growers Association Winter Regional Workshop

As dramatic weather events increase, pest pressure intensifies, and local markets vitalize, New York berry growers are looking for ways to protect their crop and lengthen their season.

Growers and educators are researching techniques for growing berries under cover. This day-long workshop will feature multiple short presentations, interactive activities, and words from growers discussing the newest research in tunnels and exclusion netting.

Walk in space may be available.  Pease contact Sandy at CCE Suffolk at 631-727-7850 ext. 316 to verify


Effective Orchard Spraying

Event Offers DEC Credits

March 7, 2017 : Effective Orchard Spraying Orleans County 7 March 2017

March 8, 2017 : Effective Orchard Spraying Wayne County 8 March 2017

An in-depth training will improve your knowledge of spraying techniques, leading to better deposition, less drift and better disease and insect control.  It will also include information on any new developments in sprayer design, etc.

~5 DEC credits, please preregister by March 3rd.

NENY & VT Winter Grape School

Event Offers DEC Credits

March 9, 2017
8:00am- 4:00pm
Lake George, NY

NENY & VT Winter Grape School
Come and join Cornell Cooperative Extension Eastern NY Commercial Horticulture Program and the University of Vermont Grape Program, Dept. of Plant and Soil Science for the 2017 Northeastern NY and VT Grape School!


2017 Garlic School

March 9, 2017
9:30am-3:00pm
Voorheesville, NY

2017 Garlic School
Topics for this year's garlic school will focus on emerging and established diseases and pests, including white rot, eriophyid mites, fusarium, and the insect pests moving towards the region from the north and the southâ€"leek moth and allium leaf miner.

2017 Lake Ontario Fruit Program Spanish School Wayne County

March 11, 2017
1:00pm - 4:00pm
Alton, NY

2017 Lake Ontario Fruit Program Spanish School Wayne County
Pre-registration has been extended through today.  This meeting will include the basics of tree nursery production, together with information on grafting and pruning.  There will be hands-on demonstrations.

March 11 Wayne County


Please click details for more information and registration.

Northern Vegetable School

Event Offers DEC Credits

March 14, 2017
8:30am-3:00pm
Essex, NY

Northern Vegetable School
This year's Northern Vegetable School will focus on soil health, including management, tillage and cover crops.

Our special guest speaker, Will Stevens from Golden Russet Farm in Shoreham Vt will explain how he uses cover crops and crop rotations on his farm.

Champlain Valley Pesticide Applicator Pre-Exam Training

March 20 - March 22, 2017
9:00am-12:00pm
Plattsburgh, NY

Please note:  The date of this event has changed to March 20th and 22nd

CCE ENYCHP Agriculture Specialists will be offering a training to review core concepts and commodity specific items in preparation for the exam. 

Registration Fee covers two days of review:  Monday 3/13 and Wednesday 3/15


Hudson Valley Pesticide Applicator Pre-Exam Training

March 20 - March 22, 2017
9:00am-12:00pm
Highland, NY

CCE ENYCHP Agriculture Specialists will be offering a training to review core concepts and commodity specific items in preparation for the exam. 

Registration Fee covers two days of review:  Monday 3/20 and Wednesday 3/22

In-depth Workshop on Management of Weeds in Fruit and Vegetables

Event Offers DEC Credits

March 23, 2017
8am-8:15am Registration, DEC sign-up, 8:15am - 3:30pm
Albion, NY

This workshop will cover weed biology, identification tools, management strategies for broadleaves, grasses & sedges, spray technology, & safety requirements of herbicides.

Please click details for agenda pdf & online registration.

Effective Orchard Spraying & Navigating NEWA Workshop- Champlain Valley

March 28, 2017
8:00am- 4:00pm
Chazy, NY

Effective Orchard Spraying & Navigating NEWA Workshop- Champlain Valley
Effective Orchard Spraying - Morning
Understand how to improve your timeliness and therefore apply sprays when needed and not be forever chasing the calendar. Correct application at the correct time will allow you to make better use of your time and materials over the season.

Navigating NEWA - Afternoon 
Learn the ins-and-outs of the NEWA system (Network for Environment and Weather Applications). Learn how to efficiently navigate the NEWA interface, including how to get weather data, access station specific pages, and effectively utilize models for insects, diseases, crop thinning, and irrigation.

Bring your Laptop or Smart Device!!

***PRE-REGISTRATION IS REQUIRED! ***


Hudson Valley Orchard Scouting & NEWA Orchard Models Workshop

March 30, 2017
10:00am-3:00pm
Highland, NY

Hudson Valley Orchard Scouting & NEWA Orchard Models Workshop
THIS EVENT HAS BEEN CANCELLED




Pruning Demonstration Day

March 30, 2017
2pm-5pm
Red Hook, NY

Pruning Demonstration Day
You are invited to join Laura McDermott and Jim O'Connell, Berry Educators for Cornell Cooperative Extension of Eastern NY, for a pruning demonstration on mature blueberries on Thursday, March 30th.

This workshop is free, but please preregister with Jim O'Connell no later than March 28th, 2017 by email (jmo98@cornell.edu) or phone (845-943-9814) so we know how many people to expect. 

Tasting analysis of Honeycrisp

March 30, 2017 : Tasting analysis of Honeycrisp - Eastern NY & Niagara/Orleans County Samples

March 31, 2017 : Tasting analysis of Honeycrisp - Wayne County Samples

March 30, 2017 (Eastern NY and Niagara/Orleans county samples)
March 31, 2017 (Wayne county samples)
Tasting starts at 10:00am - approximately 2 pm or earlier
Please pre-register for this free event.

As many of you may know, We've been working on a statewide precision harvest management experiment, a 2 year funded USDA Specialty Crops Block Grant and New York Farm Viability Grant, "Measuring and Extending the Benefits of More Accurate Honeycrisp Harvest Predictions". This project is a continuation of Terence Robinson's precision harvest management work with some modifications. It focuses on Honeycrisp within the 3 main production regions of the state, in which many of you were involved.

The main goal of this experiment is to develop guidelines for precision harvest management by determining if Honeycrisp orchards can be evaluated at harvest for storage potential using fruit dry matter content, fruit mineral (peel and flesh) content, the DA meter, and piecing together complex block histories and cultural practices.

Click on details for more information.

Northern Vegetable School

Event Offers DEC Credits

March 31, 2017
8:30am-3:00pm
Essex, NY

Northern Vegetable School
**Please note, this event was rescheduled from 3/14 to 3/31. If you were registered for 3/14, but are unable to attend on 3/31 then you are eligible for a refund!**

This year's Northern Vegetable School will focus on soil health, including management, tillage and cover crops.

Our special guest speaker, Will Stevens from Golden Russet Farm in Shoreham Vt will explain how he uses cover crops and crop rotations on his farm.

April 2017

Produce Safety Alliance Grower Training Course: Capital Region (Day One)

April 4, 2017
8:30am -4:30pm
Albany, NY

Produce Safety Alliance Grower Training Course: Capital Region (Day One)

Please note:  Day one is mandatory to receive certification.  Day two is an optional day for those growers interested in assistance in creating a farm food safety plan.  Please pre-register for day two here.

Day one topics to be covered include, Introduction to Produce Safety, Worker Health, Hygiene, and Training, Soil Amendments, Wildlife, Domesticated Animals, and Land Use, Agricultural Water (Part I: Production Water; Part II: Postharvest Water), Postharvest Handling and Sanitation &How to Develop a Farm Food Safety Plan


In addition to learning about produce safety best practices, key parts of the FSMA Produce Safety Rule requirements are outlined within each module.  There will be time for questions and discussion, so participants should come prepared to share their experiences and produce safety questions.


Worker Protection Standard Training & DEC Special Permit Training Class

April 4, 2017 : Wayne County Worker Protection Standard Training & DEC Special Permit Training Class

April 5, 2017 : Orleans County Worker Protection Standard Training & DEC Special Permit Training Class

Wayne County Worker Protection Standard Training & DEC Special Permit Training Class
Worker Protection Standard Training & DEC Special Permit Training Class for Non-Certified Applicators and Handlers of Federally Restricted-Use Pesticides.

Pre-Registration is Required by March 31, 2017.

Certified Supervisors are required to attend the first 30 minutes of training!


New York DEC notes that the Special Permit process is intended for farm workers with English language skills that are not adequate to pass the DEC private applicators exam.  All others are encouraged to apply for their private applicators license via taking the certification exam.

Workers requiring general pesticide training/Agricultural Worker Protection Standard Handler training who do not need special permits are welcome to take the class; they will not be tested and will receive a course participation certificate.

Please click on details for more information and registration form.

Produce Safety Alliance Grower Training Course: Capital Region (Optional Day Two)

April 5, 2017
8:30am -4:30pm
Albany, NY

Produce Safety Alliance Grower Training Course: Capital Region (Optional Day Two)

Please note:  Day one is mandatory to receive certification.  Day two is an optional day for those growers interested in assistance in creating a farm food safety plan. 

 


Produce Safety Alliance Grower Training Course + Optional Food Safety Plan Writing Workshop

April 5 - April 6, 2017
April 5: 8am-5pm; April 6: 8AM - 3PM
Batavia, NY

Produce Safety Alliance Grower Training Course + Optional Food Safety Plan Writing Workshop
Fruit and vegetable growers and others interested in learning about produce safety, the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) Produce Safety Rule, Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs), and co-management of natural resources and food safety. The PSA Grower Training Course is one way to satisfy the FSMA Produce Safety Rule requirement outlined in 112.22(c) that requires 'At least one supervisor or responsible party for your farm must have successfully completed food safety training at least equivalent to that received under standardized curriculum recognized as adequate by the Food and Drug Administration.'

2017 Prune Smarter Not Harder Workshops presented by CCE - LOF

April 11, 2017 : 2017 Oswego County Winter Pruning

Please Note Pruning Meeting in Oswego County April 11!

This pruning season the Lake Ontario Fruit Program will have 4 meetings across the Western NY fruit region.  As always, all growers and employees are welcome to attend (including Spanish-speaking employees).

Grape Grower Pot Luck Dinners

April 5, 2017 : Capital Region Potluck Dinner

April 17, 2017 : Hudson Valley Potluck

Grape Grower Potluck Dinners - April 2017

Please join us for the last in our series of educational pot luck dinners. Jim O'Connell and Anna Wallis are reaching out to growers, trying to get to know them in a less formal setting. Jim and Anna are regional fruit educators with Cornell Cooperative Extension's (CCE) Eastern NY Commercial Horticulture Program (ENYCHP).


more crops
Apples

Apples

Apricots

Apricots

Asian Pears

Asian Pears

Blueberries

Blueberries

Cherries

Cherries

Currants

Currants

Gooseberries

Gooseberries

Nectarines

Nectarines

Peaches

Peaches

Pears

Pears

Plums

Plums

Raspberries / Blackberries

Raspberries / Blackberries

Strawberries

Strawberries

Unusual Fruit

Unusual Fruit

more crops

Upcoming Events

2024 LOF Advisory Committee Meeting - WNY Winter Fruit Conference Topics

December 6, 2024
Rochester, NY

Please join us for our winter advisory meeting, join the team and provide input for the 3rd Annual WNY Tree Fruit Conference on February 4-5 in Rochester. Please pre-register by December 2th.

Save the Date - Western NY Fruit Conference - February 4-5, 2025

Event Offers DEC Credits

February 4 - February 5, 2025 : Western NY Fruit Conference
Rochester, NY

For the 2nd year in a row, we'll be having the Western NY Fruit Conference at the DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel in Rochester!  It will be another 1 1/2 day conference. Stay tuned for program and registration info as we get closer.

Announcements

NERME Farm Grant Interest Survey - HMR & Audit/UL

NEED FREE HELP WITH HRM AND AUDIT/ULP COMPLIANCE ON YOUR FARM? IT'S POSSIBLE! Just take click the link and fill out the survey.
https://cornell.ca1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_7WFe9dfU4dfct8y

Save the Date! - Scroll down for Upcoming Events

Have you missed a meeting recently? Scroll down for available recordings or pdf links or visits our YouTube Channel https://www.youtube.com/c/LakeOntarioFruitProgram

2024 Events:

22-23 Oct - Farm & Food Workers Relief Program Application - Online & In Person, Apply Now

6 Dec - Lake Ontario Fruit Program Advisory Committee Meeting - more details to come 

Feb 4-5, 2025 - Western NY Fruit Conference - DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel, Rochester



Webinar Recordings & Additional Meeting Materials

Check out the recordings of some recent webinars and/or conference materials from in person events: Recordings and Playlists are available at https://www.youtube.com/c/LakeOntarioFruitProgram

Recording of Precision Apple Cropload MANagement PACMAN technologies at the 2nd Annual WNY Fruit Grower Tour. https://youtu.be/yE6thvf4z0E

2024 Virtual Orchard Meetup Series - Water Wisdom: 






2024 Winter Fruit Webinars playlist on the NYS IPM Program YouTube Channel


PACMAN Details and Resources, Meeting Recording Links below:




Scaffolds podcast

Many of you probably read Art Agnello's statewide tree fruit updates and recommendations newsletter, "Scaffolds". Dr. Monique Rivera is bringing it back, but in a new audio version. Episode one was recorded this week, and is now available for free online at https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/scaffolds


NYS Tree Decline Survey

Your answers could help find the solution to tree decline in the orchard.

Food Safety Virtual Office Hours

Cornell Institute of Food Safety "Virtual Office Hours", Tuesdays Noon to 1pm https://cals.cornell.edu/institute-for-food-safety/resources/virtual-office-hours

Past recorded virtual office hours can be found on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZJs5b7KUuvfcquH3ZtQHo5dSmF2m5MdQ


Pollinator Resouces

Now available Pollinator Resource Links


Meeting Recordings Now Available

Did you miss the recent meeting?  Check and see if we recorded it and added it to our website or Lake Ontario Fruit Program YouTube Channel.

Honeycrisp Meetup recordings available here.

Why are my trees growing so poorly? recording available here.

Additional Recorded Webinars listing with recording and resource link are available at



New Publication on Growing Pawpaws

Are you a fan of pawpaws? These custardy fruits can be hard to come across, so this guide provides information on how to grow your own pawpaw from seed, and how to care for grafted seedlings. Pdf on growing now available.​ https://lof.cce.cornell.edu/submission.php?id=799&crumb=crops|crops|unusual_fruit|crop*50

New Weed Management Technology Survey

Want to move away from herbicide reliance? Are you using novel technologies to manage weeds? We want to know about it to inform our weed science research. A team of weed scientists from University of California Davis, Oregon State University, and Cornell University are asking berry, tree fruit, tree nut, and vine crop growers to take 5 to 10 minutes and answer this short and anonymous survey. Weed Technology Survey link: https://cornell.ca1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_bEpfAijoP7puQDP

For more information on this survey please visit http://blogs.cornell.edu/swd1/2020/12/02/new-weed-management-technology/


Pollinator Webinar Series - Summer 2020

The Pollinator Webinar Series presented by Penn State cover bee health and pollination services.



Bloom Pesticides for Pollinator Health

A reference table created by Janet van Zoeren and Anna Wallis, is now available at https://lof.cce.cornell.edu/submission.php?id=711&crumb=pests|pests.