Planning Ahead with MidSummer Grasses
Mario Miranda Sazo, Cultural Practices
Lake Ontario Fruit Program
Growers who are planning to plant a new orchard site (or a replant site) next year can consider the use of cover crops before planting an orchard. Their benefits are numerous. When used they can: (1) improve organic matter, (2) break up compaction layers in the soil profile, (3) suppress weeds, and (4) control erosion. We recommend the use of sudangrass (review attached pdf document), but several other cover crops can be used. A more complete list of cover crop options can be found at the web site prepared by Thomas Borkman (http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/hort/faculty/bjorkman/covercrops/decisiont). This tool was originally designed for vegetable growers, but is still very useful for fruit growers as well. Sudangrass and sorghum-sudangrass are midsummer grasses suitable for short, 8-10 week plantings. Sorghum-sudangrass is often referred to generically as Sudex. These grasses are the most heat and drought- tolerant cover crops typically grown in the Northeast. Sudangrass growth is easier to manage because the stems are narrower, it can be sown earlier than sorghum-sudangrass, and suppresses weeds better. These crops provide abundant root biomass, which is useful for increasing soil organic matter. Mowing encourages root growth. They suppress root knot nematodes and inhibit weed germination if densely sown. A few management tips: (1) land preparation: prepare a clod-free seedbed. Avoid hard soil and wet spots. Do not plant just before a heavy rain, (2) seeding rate: 30 lbs/acre for biomass and nematode control, 50 lbs/acre for weed control, (3) seeding date: June through mid-August (sudangrass), July through mid August (sorghum-sudangrass). These cover crops require warm soil to germinate, (4) maintenance: mow when 20-30 inches tall, leaving a six inch stubble. Two cuts in average can be conducted per season with sudangrass. Leave residue on the soil surface for weed suppression. Timely mowing is important because tall, fibrous plants are difficult to mow or incorporate, and (5) control: big crowns decompose slowly, making it difficult to prepare a seedbed for small-seeded crops. Incorporate sudangrass if planting something else in the fall. Otherwise, mow for winter-killed mulch on the surface and till in early spring. Tall, unmowed sudangrass will winterkill, but is difficult to manage in the spring. Summary: By implementing the use of cover crops you will reduce erosion of topsoil from slopes and suppress weed growth. Proper site preparation will often involve significant disturbance of the soil in order to add amendments (lime, phosphorous), install drain tile, etc. If a cover crop is not established soon after soil work is finished for the year, rainfall and melting snow can result in a significant loss of topsoil from the site. Sowing a cover crop will also help to prevent the re-establishment of weeds that the grower has worked hard to eliminate from the site. Note: The sudangrass technical information was excerpted/modified from Cornell cover crop guide for sudangrass. Cornell University. 2pp. Ver. 1.100716 (Borkman, T. and J.W. Shail. 2010).
Planning Ahead with MidSummer Grasses (pdf; 89KB)
Upcoming Events
Apple Social
July 16, 2024 : Orleans County - Apple Social
Medina, NY
Please join us at this casual networking event for all apple industry folks from Western NY, proudly sponsored by Valent. There will just a brief introduction of the Lake Ontario Fruit Program, and from each of the four specialists.
July 31, 2024 : Wayne County - Apple Social
Williamson, NY
Please join us at this casual networking event for all apple industry folks from Western NY, proudly sponsored by Valent. There will just a brief introduction of the Lake Ontario Fruit Program, and from each of the four specialists.
2nd Annual WNY Fruit Grower Tour
![Event Offers DEC Credits](../images/dec_credits.gif)
August 13, 2024
Medina, NY
We are excited to announce the second annual Western New York Fruit Grower Tour, the premier fruit tour of the northeast brought to you by Cornell Cooperative Extension's Lake Ontario Fruit Program and Lake Ontario Ag Consulting, LLC! Located in Orleans County, this orchard field day will highlight new and existing products, chemistries, practices, technologies & equipment that shape the orchard industry today. The Western NY Fruit Grower Tour will again combine two past orchard tour events, the LOF Summer Fruit Tour and the Wayne County Fruit Grower Tour, giving industry members the opportunity to conveniently showcase their product offerings to ONE unified group at ONE time and place!
9th Annual Hispanic Summer Tour
August 17, 2024
Lyndonville, NY
Join Mario Miranda Sazo, Janet van Zoeren, Sandra Lizarraga, from CCE Lake Ontario Fruit Program and Mary Bess Lewis from Cornell Ag Workforce Development for the annual summer tour of orchard and educational updates on IPM, horticulture, HR, leadership, and labor all presented in Spanish.